Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4577 5766 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4640 4625 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4640 4625 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4642 4642 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4644 4644 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4644 4629 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4690 4675 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4692 4677 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4692 4677 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4704 4704 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4577 4577 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4640 4625 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4642 4627 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4642 4642 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4644 4629 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4644 4629 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4594 4580 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4643 4628 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4593 4593 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4649 4632 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4649 4632 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 232 321 355 363 4719 4700 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4586 4586 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4600 4586 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4672 4653 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4644 4644 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4651 4651 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4602 4602 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4651 4651 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4666 4666 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4593 4593 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4714 4695 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 226 318 352 360 4579 4714 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4666 4646 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4664 4644 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4712 4693 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4577 4712 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4714 4695 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4684 4684 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4664 4645 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4666 4666 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4714 4696 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4664 4645 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4664 4645 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 305 4665 4646 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4594 4594 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4641 4641 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4660 4660 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 184 189 237 344 377 374 4711 4711 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4643 4643 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 195 190 238 398 431 381 4711 4711 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4655 4655 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5486 6236 6800 8061 13481 14764 15232 241828 242831