Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4575 5721 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4638 4623 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4638 4623 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4640 4640 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4646 4646 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4646 4631 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4688 4673 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4694 4679 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4694 4679 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4706 4706 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4575 4575 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4638 4623 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4644 4629 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4640 4640 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4646 4631 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4646 4631 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4596 4582 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4641 4626 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4591 4591 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4647 4630 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4647 4630 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4717 4698 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4584 4584 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4598 4584 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4670 4651 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4646 4646 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4653 4653 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4604 4604 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4653 4653 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4664 4664 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4591 4591 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4716 4697 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 227 318 352 360 4581 4716 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4667 4648 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4661 4642 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4710 4691 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4575 4710 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 227 326 360 366 4716 4697 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4686 4686 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4662 4643 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4664 4664 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4713 4694 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4663 4643 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4662 4643 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4663 4644 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4596 4596 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4639 4639 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4658 4658 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 184 189 237 344 377 374 4713 4713 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4641 4641 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 172 195 190 238 398 431 381 4709 4709 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4653 4653 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5490 6236 6800 8062 13481 14764 15229 241804 242764