Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4580 5697 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4646 4628 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4646 4628 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4654 4654 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4652 4652 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4652 4634 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4699 4681 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4703 4685 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4703 4685 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4715 4715 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4580 4580 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4646 4628 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4650 4632 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4654 4654 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4652 4634 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4652 4634 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4602 4585 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4655 4637 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4605 4605 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4661 4641 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4661 4641 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4734 4712 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4595 4595 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4612 4595 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4687 4665 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4652 4652 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4657 4657 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4608 4608 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4657 4657 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4679 4679 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4605 4605 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4725 4703 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 226 318 352 360 4584 4725 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4676 4654 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4678 4656 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4727 4705 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4586 4727 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 366 4725 4703 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4693 4693 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4679 4657 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4681 4681 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4730 4708 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4679 4657 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4679 4657 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4680 4658 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4600 4600 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4645 4645 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4670 4670 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 188 189 237 344 377 374 4717 4717 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4653 4653 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 195 190 238 398 431 381 4721 4721 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4668 4668 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5486 6240 6800 8060 13481 14764 15229 242350 243213