Number of Syscalls ID dash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 64 59 144 156 197 4577 4577 echo hi 02 97 122 131 231 254 277 4643 4643 date 03 42 66 59 145 157 192 4577 4577 date ; 04 98 123 132 269 292 284 4645 4645 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 123 132 233 256 281 4645 4645 date; echo hi 06 98 123 132 233 256 281 4645 4645 echo hi; date 07 139 166 189 292 313 345 4696 4696 date; date 08 139 166 189 292 313 346 4696 4696 { date; date; } 09 139 166 189 292 313 346 4696 4696 date; { date; } 10 149 175 198 310 331 376 4708 4708 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 72 73 174 184 230 4594 4594 (echo hi) 12 97 122 133 239 262 283 4643 4643 (date) 13 97 122 133 247 270 289 4643 4643 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 123 134 249 272 293 4645 4645 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 98 123 134 241 264 287 4645 4645 echo hi; (date) 16 98 123 134 241 264 287 4645 4645 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 73 74 175 185 234 4595 4595 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 99 124 147 242 285 291 4646 4646 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 73 74 176 186 234 4596 4596 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 105 128 139 234 257 280 4652 4652 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 100 125 141 242 265 286 4652 4652 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 164 187 231 321 355 366 4725 4725 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 70 66 154 166 204 4586 4586 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 75 81 177 187 232 4603 4603 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 116 139 174 264 285 315 4678 4678 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 105 130 146 262 284 314 4662 4662 (date; echo hi) 27 106 131 154 250 292 296 4650 4650 echo $(date) 28 55 81 93 185 194 240 4601 4601 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 131 154 279 300 302 4650 4650 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 140 169 282 303 331 4670 4670 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 73 74 176 186 234 4596 4596 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 158 183 226 318 352 363 4718 4718 date | wc -l 33 158 183 227 318 352 363 4577 4718 ! date | wc -l 34 108 133 167 261 282 313 4669 4669 echo a | wc -l 35 108 133 167 261 282 356 4669 4669 command echo a | wc -l 36 158 183 226 318 380 363 4718 4718 command date | wc -l 37 158 183 227 318 380 363 4577 4718 ! command date | wc -l 38 158 183 226 326 360 370 4718 4718 ( date ) | wc -l 39 141 195 200 298 318 322 4686 4686 date | read x 40 109 134 168 262 283 319 4670 4671 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 135 169 264 285 323 4672 4672 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 160 185 241 350 383 377 4720 4721 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 109 134 168 262 283 320 4670 4670 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 109 134 168 272 293 327 4670 4670 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 110 135 183 302 322 338 4669 4669 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 78 82 201 210 238 4593 4593 echo hi & wait 47 104 128 142 258 280 288 4642 4642 date & wait 48 117 139 178 287 307 330 4661 4661 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 193 237 344 377 379 4710 4710 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 129 143 296 318 293 4644 4644 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 169 190 238 398 431 384 4710 4710 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 136 153 326 346 323 4659 4659 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5568 6885 8004 13491 14711 15805 241927 242211