Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4580 5759 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4646 4628 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4646 4628 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4648 4648 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4642 4642 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4642 4624 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4699 4681 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4693 4675 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4693 4675 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4705 4705 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4580 4580 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4646 4628 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4640 4622 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4648 4648 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4642 4624 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4642 4624 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4592 4575 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4649 4631 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4599 4599 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4655 4635 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4655 4635 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4728 4706 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4589 4589 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4606 4589 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4681 4659 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4642 4642 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4647 4647 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4598 4598 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4647 4647 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4673 4673 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4599 4599 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4715 4693 date | wc -l 33 157 177 183 227 318 352 360 4574 4715 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4666 4644 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4672 4650 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4721 4699 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4580 4721 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4715 4693 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4683 4683 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4673 4651 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4675 4675 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4723 4702 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4673 4651 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4673 4651 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4674 4652 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4590 4590 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4645 4645 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4664 4664 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 170 184 189 237 344 377 374 4707 4707 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4647 4647 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 196 190 239 398 431 381 4715 4715 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4662 4662 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5489 6236 6800 8062 13481 14764 15230 241999 242925