Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4570 5728 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4636 4618 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4636 4618 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4638 4638 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4644 4644 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4644 4626 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4689 4671 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4695 4677 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4695 4677 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4707 4707 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4570 4570 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4636 4618 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4642 4624 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4638 4638 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4644 4626 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4644 4626 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4594 4577 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4639 4621 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4589 4589 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4645 4625 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4645 4625 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4718 4696 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4579 4579 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4596 4579 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4671 4649 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4644 4644 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4649 4649 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4600 4600 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4649 4649 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4663 4663 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4589 4589 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4717 4695 date | wc -l 33 157 177 183 226 318 352 360 4576 4717 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4668 4646 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4662 4640 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4711 4689 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4570 4711 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4717 4695 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4685 4685 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4663 4641 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4665 4665 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4713 4692 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4663 4641 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4663 4641 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4664 4642 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4592 4592 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4635 4635 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4654 4654 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 188 189 237 344 377 374 4709 4709 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4637 4637 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 195 194 238 398 431 381 4705 4705 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4652 4652 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5486 6239 6804 8060 13481 14764 15230 241719 242624