Number of Syscalls ID dash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 64 59 144 156 197 4571 4571 echo hi 02 97 122 131 231 254 277 4637 4637 date 03 42 66 59 145 157 192 4571 4571 date ; 04 98 123 132 269 292 284 4639 4639 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 123 132 233 256 281 4639 4639 date; echo hi 06 98 123 132 233 256 281 4639 4639 echo hi; date 07 139 166 189 292 313 345 4690 4690 date; date 08 139 166 189 292 313 346 4690 4690 { date; date; } 09 139 166 189 292 313 346 4690 4690 date; { date; } 10 149 175 198 310 331 376 4702 4702 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 72 73 174 184 230 4588 4588 (echo hi) 12 97 122 133 239 262 283 4637 4637 (date) 13 97 122 133 247 270 289 4637 4637 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 123 134 249 272 293 4639 4639 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 98 123 134 241 264 287 4639 4639 echo hi; (date) 16 98 123 134 241 264 287 4639 4639 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 73 74 175 185 234 4589 4589 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 99 124 147 242 285 291 4640 4640 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 73 74 176 186 234 4590 4590 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 105 128 139 234 257 280 4646 4646 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 100 125 141 242 265 286 4646 4646 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 164 187 232 321 355 366 4719 4719 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 70 66 154 166 204 4580 4580 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 75 81 177 187 232 4597 4597 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 116 139 174 264 285 315 4672 4672 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 105 130 146 262 284 314 4656 4656 (date; echo hi) 27 106 131 154 250 292 296 4644 4644 echo $(date) 28 55 81 93 185 194 240 4595 4595 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 131 154 279 300 302 4644 4644 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 140 169 282 303 331 4664 4664 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 73 74 176 186 234 4590 4590 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 158 183 226 318 352 363 4712 4712 date | wc -l 33 158 183 226 318 352 363 4571 4712 ! date | wc -l 34 108 133 167 261 282 313 4663 4663 echo a | wc -l 35 108 133 167 261 282 356 4663 4663 command echo a | wc -l 36 158 183 226 318 380 363 4712 4712 command date | wc -l 37 158 183 226 318 380 363 4571 4712 ! command date | wc -l 38 158 183 227 326 360 370 4712 4712 ( date ) | wc -l 39 141 195 200 298 318 322 4680 4680 date | read x 40 109 134 168 262 283 319 4664 4664 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 135 169 264 285 323 4667 4666 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 160 185 241 350 383 376 4715 4714 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 109 134 168 262 283 320 4664 4664 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 109 134 168 272 293 327 4664 4664 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 110 135 183 302 322 338 4665 4665 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 78 82 201 210 238 4587 4587 echo hi & wait 47 104 128 142 258 280 288 4636 4636 date & wait 48 117 140 178 287 307 330 4655 4655 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 168 193 237 344 377 379 4704 4704 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 129 143 296 318 293 4638 4638 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 169 190 238 398 431 384 4706 4706 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 136 153 326 346 323 4653 4653 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5569 6886 8004 13491 14711 15804 241621 241901